@DoubleDD "I’ve also read that in the south the Blacks were able to really have their own communities as long as they worked the farms."
There were very few universal truths about slavery, that is for sure.
Interesting aside: My wife and I bought a house way out in Virginia's Stafford County. On the 3.5 acres, there was a .5 acre set aside for a private cemetery and an easement on the edge so it could be accessed.
When we explored the overgrown cemetery, we discovered several brown flagstones upright. Most had no legible markings or only a year on them (all between 1780 and 1802). One, however, had two sets of dates, something like "1794-1806" and "1809".
I was interested in finding out more about the cemetery, including what our responsibilities were (if any) for maintaining it.I contacted the Virginia State Historical Preservation department. They had no record of a cemetery there, so they recorded it. They told me we had no special obligations, but legally we could not build in that set aside unless we went through a full published notice process to allow survivors of the buried to come forward, and then hired a funeral home to disinter and rebury in another cemetery (again, with published notice). They also said we would need to contact them so they could monitor the excavation because it was probably a slave cemetery.
We had no interest in moving it, but I did more research. It turns out that one of the major sources of information about African culture brought by African slaves to the US has been found in slave cemeteries. Slaves were not allowed to keep many of their African rituals (enforced conversion), but in Virginia it was common for slaveowners to allow slaves to continue their burial practices. Among the slaves' customs were two practices that have proven to be a boon to students of this subject. First, it was common for a decedent who had come from Africa to be buried with their dearest personal possesions, which for slaves brought here included objects brought with them from Africa--there were not many, and they were cherished. Including these in the grave was likely seen as a talisman that could guide them back to Africa. These objects have included cloth, leather objects, small artworks, and the like.
The second practice Africans were allowed to keep was likely simply to keep slave cemeteries from eating up too much land--slaves from Africa kept the African custom of burying more than one person in a single grave, often stacking them several layers high. This has resulted in, among other things, being able to study how slaves' perceptions and choices of the talismanic objects changed over time, and how much culture was passed down to offspring as they continued or discontinued the practice.
The two sets of dates on that one flagstone was probably one of these graves.
When we sold the house, our realtor wanted us to keep the cemetery a secret until closing. I disagreed, and gave the history and preservation information to the prospective buyers when they visited. The 2 teenage girls thought it was really cool, and they were hoping it was haunted.